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image by António Martins, 27 May 2004
In August 1984 there was a coup and a new flag and
emblem were adopted. The new flag,
adopted 4 August
1984,
is in the pan-African colours, reflecting both a break with
the country’s colonial past and its unity with other African
ex-colonies. The red is also said to symbolize the revolution
and the green the abundance of natural riches. The yellow star
placed over the red and green stripes is the guiding light of
the revolution.
Ivan Sache, 26 December 1999, quoting from
[rya97]
New flag I believe that was a personal decision
of pro-soviet president Sankara, perhaps under
Vietcong inspiration
(this is a personal observation). Flag was adopted
4 August 1984, first anniversary of the people’s
democratic revolution (Sankara coup). According
communication of the Comité de Defense de la
Revolution to Lucien Philippe en August 1984,
the red is the symbol of the revolutionary struggle,
the green is for agriculture, abundance and hope;
and yellow is for countries riches. Its five points
symbolize the guidance of the revolution.
Jaume Ollé, 1 January 2000
The school teacher Rouamba Adama, from the primary school of Yandeguin in Koudougou, sent a plea for the Burkinabe national flag to the newspaper Sidwaya. The letter was published in 12 December 2004. After a description of the national flag, Adama gives the following meaning for the colours:
Colonel Mamadou Djerma, Grand Chancellor of the National Orders of Burkina Faso, wants each Brukinabe to hoist the national flag for the national day (11 December). Here are some extracts (my translation from French) of an interview he gave to Issa Soma and Jean-Philippe Tougouma, from the newspaper Sidwaya (full version here):
You released a communique asking the citizens to put a national flag on their door, roof, vehicle… What does it mean?
All Burkinabes shall know the meaning of the national flag. In the USA; for instance, for the national day, all doors, vehicles, houses are decorated with the flag. This means that they love their country. When you love your country, you should have your national flag.
I noticed that people do not know well the flag. That is why I released the communiqué, so that everybody knows that on the national day he should have the flag. […] In our country, the flag is hardly seen except during football matches. I was recently in a border city where the flag was hoisted, but I confirm that this was not the flag of Burkina Faso.
We released a decree requiring that the flag was raised in front of all government bodies (high commissionates, city halls, police, gendarmerie, ministries). Unfortunately, there are ministries where nobody is available to raise the flag. […] I released another decree prescribing the raising of the colours in the schools.
What will be done in the future to help the citizens to purchase a flag?
We can help but we will not give the flag for free. The flag shall be paid. I can pay the flag and give it to all citizens. I plan a training session for the tailors from the provinces so that they know the official dimensions, the cut, the size… of the flag. This would prevent people to manufacture themselves incorrect flags. I plan to ask the governors to send in 2005 a tailor from each region to the training session. Therefore, the flags could be made locally in the governorates rather than in Ouagadougou [the capital city].
Is there a link between your call and the National Week for Citizenship?
The authority of the state includes public-spiritedness. People shall respect the raising of the flag. It is an important, public-spirited act. The flag represents the Nation. I personally fought during the War of Indochina [in the French Army]. During the battle, when the flag bearer was hit by a bullet, a soldier jumped on him and took the flag. The flag shall never touch the ground […] The flag represents everything for a people. One should never have fun with the flag.
[The next paragraph does not seem to be correctly placed] We sent a decree to the local authorities. I plan funds for the purchase of flags. We have flags that are sold at lower price. We called the owners of the SOTRACO [transport company] so that they hoist on their buses pennants of the national flag (sic: fanions du drapeau national).
Ivan Sache, 31 Dec 2004
The school teacher Rouamba Adama, from the primary school of Yandeguin in Koudougou, sent a plea for the Burkinabe national flag to the newspaper Sidwaya. The letter was published in 12 December 2004. Adama regrets that such beautiful colours have so few admirers. Raising the flag is a reminiscence from the Revolution. However, thousands of school do not have an acceptable flag pole, whereas the prefectures have stopped the raising of the flag for years. The reason for this abandon of flag raising are:
image by Zoltan Horvath, 27 April 2024According to [pay00],
it is square version of the national flag with a golden
fringe around the three “free” edges.
Ivan Sache, 07 April 2001
I haven’t found any pictorial evidence of the square version of this flag,
only an oblong version. And even then, it seems that president uses the national
flag only, with fringe or without fringe.
Zoltan Horvath, 27 April 2024
Burkina Faso has currently 30 provinces, an Army and an
Air Force, so there might be other flags to track…
Ivan Sache, 26 December 1999
At the
Ouagadougou
Municipality website, all about the city’s new coat of arms, but no flag
info. Since this would be the place to look for a municipal flag, and since
that this is the capital city, I guess that we may assume that there are no
official subnational flags in Burkina Faso.
António Martins, 23 November 2005
In 1984 the country became socialist and changed
the name [from Upper Volta]
to Burkina Faso and the flag to the current red over
green with central yellow star.
Nick Artimovich, 05 June 1996
The meaning of Burkina Faso is "land
of the incorruptibles", "land of the
honourable men", I think in language
Morée — which is the language of
the Mossi, the biggest burkinabe people.
Johannes Weigand, 27 February 1998
"Burkina Faso" is a combination of the
Mossi ethnic group’s language, called More
and the Bobo group’s Gur. This was an effort
by then president Thomas Sankara to ensure
continued harmony between these two groups.
David Bartlett, 14 February 2000
According to Fischers Weltalmanach
1985 (Frankfurt am Main, 1984), the
state took first the french writing
Bourkina-Fasso, from 4th
to 15th of August, 1984, after they
changed in Burkina Faso.
Johannes Weigand, 27 February 1998
Already from the 4th August 1984 onwards the
official country’s name was "Burkina Faso". The
short hand name should be "Burkina", but is rarely
used. (sources: Letters and Press Releases by the
Embassy of Burkina Faso, dated 11 August 1984
(reprinting an interview with Ouatamon Lamien,
Director of the National Radio of Burkina Faso),
1985.07.05, 1985.12.26; Süddeutsche Zeitung,
1984.08.04-05, ibidem 1984.08.06, ibidem
1985.12.28-29; Die Welt, 18 September 1984.)
Dieter Linde, 28 February 1998
image by António Martins, 23 February 2005
According to [pay00],
the fuselage marking is a round version of the national flag.
The national flag is painted on the
fin.
Ivan Sache, 07 April 2001
.gif)
image by Ivan Sache, 08 April 2001
The description of Coat of Arms was published in the
Journal officiel du Burkina Faso Nr 38 of 18.09.97.
Armand du Payrat, 09 January 1998
The emblem is the tricolor flag, rectangular and horizontal, red and green, with, centered, a yellow-gold, 5-pointed star. The law determines the arms and the meaning of their constitutive elements.
National Assembly of Burkina Faso According to the Constitution; According to Resolution n° OO01/97/AN of 07 June 1997, validating the mandate of the deputees in Burkina Faso; Deliberated in its session of 1st August 1997, and adopted the following law:translated by Ivan Sache, 15 Apr 1999, from the official governmental site; see here the original textArticle 1:
The arms of Burkina Faso are constituted as follows: one (1) shield bearing in chief, on a silver scroll the name of the country "BURKINA FASO"; in the middle an escutcheon with two (2) stripes in fasce bearing the national emblem and "broching" on two (2) crossed lances; two (2) reared-up silver stallions supporting the escutcheon on each side; in the bottom an open book; below, two (2) millet stalks with three pairs of green, half-mooned, leaves, equidistant from the vertical line going through the points of the escutcheon and the upper branch of the star of the emblem. Stalks are crossed and linked at the basis by a flame bearing the national motto "Unity - Progress - Justice". The flame supports the whole "millet stalks - lances - escutcheon".Article 2:
The two stallions symbolize the nobility of the burkinabe people; their position means action and their disposition the necessity and importance of the union that makes the force of the people. The escutcheon symbolizes the protection of the nation and the love of the country; shield against the hazards, rampart again all aggressions, he ensures the security of the state. The lances symbolize the determination of the sons of Burkina Faso to protect their country; their crossed design means vigilancy and bravery of this nation. The open book symbolizes the quest for knowledge and education, factors of progress and development. Millet spikes symbolize the will of food independence and abundance.Article 3:
The present law will be reinforced as a law of the State. This was done and deliberated in public audience in Ouagadougou on 1st August 1997.
This is one of those not really “eu-heraldic” emblems but
which is just this close… Its shield bears a representation of the
national flag, which in turn can be termed with no favour a heraldic
design: per fess gules and vert an estoile or over all.
António Martins, 23 November 2005
Burkina Faso is one more to join the number of countries whose
national flag has determined the national coat of arms, just like
Iceland or the Dominican
Republic. These flags not actual banners of arms because the flag appeared
first, though from a synchronic point of view there is no difference —
one needs to know the history of each flag and coat of arms.
António Martins, 23 November 2005
Blaise Campoare, the President of Burkina Faso, might have decided to
modify the country emblem towards a less belliquous
and Afro-marxist image (as well as he has progressively drifted from the
strong Afro-marxist orientation given by his ex-brother-in-arms T. Sankara,
who had made the 1984 coup). What is more stranger is that the new coat of
arms re-uses some elements of the Upper-Volta coat
of arms (the stallions, the crossed lances, the sorghum plants) shown
in Smith [smi75b] and also the book which
was present in the former arms but not in the Upper-Volta arms. The motto of
Upper-Volta was then Unité - Travail - Justice and the new one is…
Unité - Progrés - Justice! I think it is another very interesting
case of re-use of ancient symbols after successive radical political
changes.
Ivan Sache, 26 December 1999
The coat of arms shows a cog-wheel and a star to represent the
revolution of 1984. Within the cog-wheel is a hoe representing
agriculture, crossed with a Kalashnikov rifle symbolizing the
willingness to defend the country and a book reflecting the importance
of education. They are placed together to represent the alliance of
workers, soldiers and intellectuals. Around the cog-wheel are sorghum
plants. At the base is a scroll with the national motto — «La Patrie Ou
La Mort — Nous Vaincrons» («Our country or death — We will conquer»).
Ivan Sache, 26 December 1999, quoting from
[rya97]
