Colonial Flags (Brandenburg, Germany)

Last modified: 2012-07-20 by pete loeser
Keywords: brandenburg | colonial | eagle (red) | crown: royal | coat of arms | eagle (black) | colonial | brandenburg african company | brandenburg west indies company | gross-friedrichsburg |
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• Brandenburg African Company c.1680-1701
• Gross-Friedrichsburg 1683-1717
• Brandenburg West Indies Company 1737 and c.1750 - doubtful

• Electorate of Brandenburg 1356-1701 - Kurfürstentum Brandenburg
• Former Colonies and other Overseas Territories - Germany
• Germany

• Groß-Friedrichsburg website (German text only)
• Including map at the Heritage Group of former Servicemen in the Protectorates and Overseas Territories - Friends of the former German Protectorates Association.

Brandenburg African Company c.1680-1701

2:3 Image by Mario Fabretto
Source: CISV archives

The Brandenburg African Company was created around 1680 and its flag was white, with the red eagle of Brandenburg topped with the electoral cap and the shield of Electoral Brandenburg [blue shield with the Reichserbkämmerer's golden scepter] on her breast. The sword and the sceptre were gold and crossed behind the eagle. On 8 January 1701, Frederick III issued a decree following which the ships of the Company had to fly the white flag with the black eagle of Prussia with a royal crown over her head, the letters "FR" [Fredericus Rex] on her breast and a ducal crown around her neck. Later (1707) the ducal crown was substituted by a royal one. An exact design of this flag is not known. This [latter] flag was the very first flag with the black eagle of Prussia.
Mario Fabretto, 5 August 1998

The German editors of Norie and Hobbs 1971 added two charts (which were not originally in Norie and Hobbs 1848) with German flags that were important over time. One of them is no. 15, Brandenburg Afrikan[ische]. Cie. (Brandenburg African Company), as the above flag, except the whole charge is offset, the golden colour mostly a bright yellow, and a vertical white pennant with the same charge in the hoist. [Editor's note: probably a commissioning pennant, consistent with the ensign, as is usually shown in old flag charts.]
Peter Hans van der Muijzenberg, 12 November 2001

Gross-Friedrichsburg 1683-1717

The Brandenburg African Company ran in the late 17th and early 18th century a strongpoint on the Gold Coast called Gross Friedrichsburg. It sold its colony to the Dutch West Indies Company (GWC) in 1717.
Norman Martin, 3 August 1998

Fort Gross-Friedrichsburg (now Princestown)
     "Under the reign of the Grand Elector Friedrich-Wilhelm von Brandenburg, was created an African Company, this company for about forty years ruled on several African forts at: Arguin, Takrama, Takoradi, Akwida (Ft. Dorothea), Whydah and Princestown or Poquefoe (Gross-Friedrichsburg).
     On 1 January 1683, a Brandenburger expedition of two ships, arrived in the Gold Coast, and started to build a strong fort between Axim and Cape of Three Points, which was named Gross-Friedrichsburg. The fort was to be the headquarters of Brandenburg in Africa, it was garrisoned at the beginning by 91 European men and 130 Africans. The fort was a square shaped with four bastions. In the first 15 years the Brandenburgers developed well the trade with the Africans, but from 1700 trade began to decline. The Company was allied to an African chief called John Couny that was in war against the Dutch and the English.
     In 1720 a treaty was concluded between the King of Prussia and the Dutch, and all the African forts of Brandenburg were sold to the Hollanders, but the African ally of Prussia/Brandenburg, John Couny, refused to surrender Gross-Friedrichsburg. In 1725 the Dutch captured Fort Gross-Friedrichsburg and renamed it Fort Hollandia. The fort was abandoned by the Dutch in 1815."
Source: European Forts in Ghana webpage [no longer online, part of de funk geocities - Ed]
Santiago Dotor, 11 June 2001

Brandenburg West Indies Company 1737 and c.1750 (doubtful)

Image by Jaume Ollé

A white flag with a black two-headed eagle with a gold crown and gold sword and scepter.
Norman Martin, 20 January 1998

The flag shown here is from two Dutch flag charts, one of which dates from 1737 and one c. 1750 (the latter is copied in Smith 1975, pp. 204-5). In both it is listed as Brandenburg West Indies Company. It is not at all improbable that the 1750 chart copied the 1737 one (or an earlier one) so that this may not be a separate observation. There are however several problems:

• The worst of them is that I have not been able to find any other reference to the Brandenburg West Indies Company or the Brandenburg East Indies Company. There was in the late 17th and early 18th century a Brandenburg African Company which ran a strong point on the Gold Coast (called I think Gross Friedrichsburg) and which participated in the slave trade with the West Indies. It sold its colony to the Dutch West Indies Company (GWC) in 1717 (incidentally 20 years before the first of these flag listings).
• A second problem is that the flag illustrated has a two headed eagle, unlike any other Brandenburg eagle. Indeed the representation is, except for a difference in the crown, exactly like a 1700 flag of the Emperor.

The above image is wrong in that it should have no [in]escutcheon, should have a sword in eagle's right claw (left as viewed by observor) rather than a scepter (as in no.26). I think it ought to have some indication of its dubious status, considering:

1. There does not appear to be a Brandenburg West Indian Company,
2. Brandenburg flags [have] a red one-headed eagle, Prussian flags a black one-headed eagle.

My image is drawn according to Flagmaster.
Jaume Ollé, 9 August 1999

The German editors of Norie and Hobbs 1971 added two charts (which were not originally in Norie and Hobbs 1848) with German flags that were important over time. One of them is no. 14, Brandenburg West-Ind. Cie., as the above flag, except no shield and cloverstalks, the eagle all black, holding a sword and a scepter and crowned by a crown wide enough to rest on both heads, all yellow.
Peter Hans van der Muijzenberg, 12 November 2001