In October 1942, facing Communist domination of the Viet Minh, the VNQD (Nationalist Party) and other parties formed the Viet-Nam Cah Meng Dong Minh Hoi (Dong Minh Hoi for short) or Viet--Nam Revolutionary League. After September 1945, this "Dong Minh Hoi" raised a national flag of red with a blue canton bearing three white stripes, in areas it ruled around Lang Son and Hangay. "The Dong Minh Hoi party flag presumably was simply blue with three white stripes, again on the pattern of the party and national flags of the Chinese Nationalists. Indeed the VNQD was supported by the Nationalist forces which, immediately after World War II, occupied Viet-Nam south to the 16th parallel. When the Chinese withdrew in mid-1946 their patronage ceased and the VNQD leadership was forced into exile from the Communist- -controlled zones of Viet-Nam. Until 1975 remnants of the VNQD political apparatus were found in South Viet-Nam's northern provinces of Quang Nam (Da Nang) and Thua Thien (Hue), where their flag was often displayed outside party headquarters." (Thomas A. Cseh & John Sylvester Jr). Chrystian Kretowicz, 6 February 2003